Extreme Heat Events

Extreme heat is one of the deadliest weather-related hazards in the United States, causing more deaths annually than floods, tornadoes, or hurricanes. These events include prolonged periods of high temperatures, often combined with high humidity and poor air quality, creating dangerous conditions for people, animals, and infrastructure.

Extreme heat can lead to:

  • Heatstroke and heat exhaustion
  • Dehydration and respiratory distress
  • Power outages due to excess air conditioning use
  • Wildfire risk and reduced water supply
  • Infrastructure stress (roads buckling, railways warping)

Vulnerable populations include children, the elderly, those with chronic illnesses, outdoor workers, and those without air conditioning.

Heat-Related Illnesses

  • Heat Exhaustion
    Primary symptoms: Heavy sweating, dizziness, nausea, rapid pulse
    Response: Move to cool area, hydrate
  • Heatstroke
    Primary symptoms: Confusion, high body temp, loss of consciousness
    Response: Medical emergency – call 911

Preparedness Tips

Before a heat wave

  • Install and maintain air conditioning units and fans
  • Cover windows with reflective material or blackout curtains
  • Keep water jugs in your refrigerator or freezer for backup
  • Identify cooling centers near your area (libraries, community centers)
  • Check in with elderly neighbors or those without AC

Heat emergency kit

  • Refillable water bottles
  • Electrolyte powder or drinks (e.g., Pedialyte)
  • Ice packs, mist sprayers
  • Battery-operated fans
  • Emergency blankets for shade

During extreme heat

  • Stay indoors during peak heat (10 a.m. – 4 p.m.)
  • Wear light-colored, loose-fitting clothing
  • Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and heavy meals
  • Never leave children, elderly, or pets in vehicles
  • Rest frequently if working or exercising outdoors

Managing Power Use

  • Set thermostats to 78°F or higher to reduce grid strain
  • Use fans to circulate air efficiently
  • Avoid running major appliances during peak hours

Community Actions

  • Share cooling resources with neighbors
  • Create a “heat watch” to assist vulnerable households
  • Report blackouts or water supply issues to local authorities immediately

Recovery After a Heatwave

  • Check for signs of heat-related illness even after temperatures fall
  • Rehydrate and replenish electrolytes
  • Inspect your home for heat damage or fire hazards
  • Update emergency plans and supplies based on lessons learned

Key Resources

Recommended Apps

  • AirNow App – Check air quality before going outside
    airnow.gov
  • NWS Weather App – Official weather alerts and heat advisories
    weather.gov