Droughts

A drought is a prolonged period of below-average precipitation that leads to water shortages, crop failures, and increased risk of wildfires, economic loss, and ecosystem damage. Droughts develop slowly but can have long-lasting impacts on drinking water, sanitation, food production, and energy systems.

In the U.S., droughts most often affect the West, Southwest, and Central Plains, but every region is vulnerable—especially with rising temperatures and shifting weather patterns.

Types of Drought

Agricultural – Insufficient moisture for crops/livestock

Hydrological – Low water in rivers, lakes, reservoirs

Meteorological – Long period of low rainfall

Socioeconomic – Water shortages affect economy or society

Preparedness Tips

Home and family

  • Store extra drinking water: aim for at least 1 gallon per person per day for 2–3 weeks
  • Install low-flow faucets, showerheads, and toilets
  • Use drought-tolerant landscaping (xeriscaping)
  • Wash only full loads of laundry or dishes
  • Repair leaks immediately

Food security

  • Keep a 3–4 week food reserve in case prices rise or shelves empty
  • Learn basic food preservation and home gardening methods
  • Support local farmers with sustainable practices

Health precautions

  • Drink plenty of clean water to prevent heat illness
  • Avoid outdoor activity during high heat and dry air alerts
  • Use moisturizers and saline sprays to prevent skin and nose dryness

During a Drought

  • Obey water use restrictions issued by local authorities
  • Limit outdoor watering, vehicle washing, and pool filling
  • Check well water levels and test for contaminants if water source is private
  • Use rain barrels or greywater systems where legal

Fire Risk During Drought

  • Drought increases wildfire danger
  • Clear dry brush around your home
  • Avoid using lawn equipment during peak heat
  • Stay updated on burn bans and fire advisories

Economic and Environmental Impacts

  • Drought may lead to job loss in agriculture, food price spikes, or utility surcharges
  • Ecosystems suffer as wetlands dry up, wildlife relocates, and water quality declines
  • Power plants may reduce output due to limited cooling water

Key Resources

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