Biological Attacks and Outbreaks

A biological emergency involves the intentional release or accidental spread of harmful viruses, bacteria, or toxins that can cause illness or death in people, animals, or crops. Unlike a natural pandemic, a biological attack may involve covert action, and early symptoms may resemble common illnesses, delaying detection.

Agents may be released in aerosols, food, water supplies, or through human contact. A biological attack may affect a localized area or evolve into a widespread outbreak, depending on the agent used and the time before detection.

Possible Biological Agents

Bacteria (Anthrax, Plague, Tularemia)
Primary symptoms: Fever, fatigue, respiratory distress

Viruses (Smallpox, Viral hemorrhagic fevers)
Primary symptoms: Rash, bleeding, shock, high fever

Toxins (Ricin, Botulinum toxin)
Primary symptoms: Paralysis, difficulty breathing

Preparedness Tips

Before a biological threat

  • Stay current on routine vaccinations (flu, COVID-19, Hep A/B, etc.)
  • Keep a 2–4 week supply of:
    • Prescription medications
    • Soap, hand sanitizer, and disinfectants
    • N95 masks and disposable gloves
  • Identify isolation areas in your home
  • Learn how to seal off a room using plastic sheeting and duct tape
  • Familiarize yourself with public health alert systems and local health departments

During a Biological Attack or Outbreak

If you suspect exposure:

  • Avoid touching your face, eyes, or mouth
  • Leave the area immediately and minimize contact with others
  • Remove outer clothing and seal it in a plastic bag
  • Wash exposed skin with soap and warm water
  • Seek medical advice—even if symptoms are mild

If told to shelter in place:

  • Seal windows, doors, and vents with plastic sheeting and tape
  • Stay in an interior room away from ventilation
  • Do not leave shelter unless instructed

Public health guidance

  • Monitor CDC, local health departments, or official apps for verified instructions
  • Follow quarantine or isolation guidelines strictly
  • Do not consume unverified treatments or remedies

Recovery and Decontamination

  • Wait for official “all clear” signals before decontaminating your home or property
  • Clean surfaces with bleach-based disinfectants
  • Ventilate your shelter space
  • Replace air filters if using HVAC or air purifiers

Key Resources

Recommended Apps

  • CDC App – Real-time outbreak tracking and alerts
    cdc.gov/mobile
  • WebMD – Symptom checker and condition tracker
    webmd.com
  • HealthMap – Global disease outbreak tracker
    healthmap.org