Radiological Events (Dirty Bombs, Etc)

A radiological event involves the release of radioactive material that can pose a health risk through external exposure, inhalation, or ingestion. These events may be accidental—such as a nuclear reactor leak or transportation incident—or intentional, such as the use of a radiological dispersal device (RDD), commonly referred to as a “dirty bomb.”

While a dirty bomb may not produce a nuclear explosion, it can contaminate large areas, cause panic, and result in long-term environmental and health hazards.

Types of Radiological Events

  • Dirty Bomb (Explosive device combined with radioactive material—spreads contamination without nuclear blast)
  • Reactor Accident (Leak or meltdown of a nuclear power facility (e.g., Fukushima, Chernobyl)
  • Transport Incident (Accidental release from medical, industrial, or military sources during transit)

Health Effects of Radiation Exposure Levels

  • High Exposure (Organ damage, internal bleeding, death)
  • Moderate Exposure (Vomiting, hair loss, skin burns)
  • Low Exposure (Mild nausea, fatigue)

Note: Symptoms may take hours or days to appear.

Preparedness Tips

Before a radiological event

  • Identify nearby nuclear power plants or research facilities
  • Learn your local evacuation zone and alert systems
  • Build a shelter-in-place kit:
    • N95 masks or respirators
    • Duct tape, plastic sheeting, towels
    • Bottled water, sealed food, and potassium iodide tablets (only take when advised by health officials)

During a Radiological Event

If you are outdoors during the incident:

  • Seek shelter indoors immediately
  • Remove outer clothing—place it in a sealed plastic bag
  • Wash exposed skin and hair with soap and lukewarm water
  • Do not use conditioner—it binds radioactive particles to hair
  • Avoid touching eyes, mouth, or open wounds

If indoors:

  • Close and seal windows, doors, and vents
  • Turn off fans and HVAC systems
  • Stay in an interior room with no windows, ideally below ground level
  • Monitor emergency radio for shelter orders or evacuation routes

After Exposure

  • Wait for official instructions before leaving shelter
  • Decontaminate thoroughly before contact with others
  • Monitor for symptoms and seek medical evaluation
  • Avoid consuming food or water that may be contaminated

Key Resources

Recommended Apps

  • FEMA App – Alerts and instructions during radiological emergencies
    fema.gov/mobile-app
  • RadResponder – Professional emergency radiation monitoring
    radresponder.net
  • Ready.gov – Public safety plans for radiation incidents
    ready.gov