Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Cyclones

Hurricanes, typhoons, and cyclones are names for the same type of storm: a rotating tropical cyclone system with powerful winds, torrential rain, storm surges, and massive waves. These storms differ only by region:

  • Hurricane – Atlantic Ocean & Northeast Pacific (U.S. & Caribbean)
  • Typhoon – Northwest Pacific (Asia)
  • Cyclone – South Pacific & Indian Ocean

In the U.S., hurricanes primarily affect coastal states along the Gulf of Mexico and Atlantic Ocean, but inland areas can still suffer flooding and wind damage.

Categories of Hurricane (Saffir-Simpson Scale)

Category Winds (mph) Damage Level
1 74–95 Minimal
2 96–110 Moderate
3 111–129 Extensive
4 130–156 Extreme
5 157+ Catastrophic

Preparedness Tips

Before hurricane season

  • Know your evacuation zone and route
  • Build a hurricane kit: food, water, flashlight, first aid, hygiene supplies
  • Keep important documents sealed and portable
  • Install storm shutters or board windows
  • Trim trees and clear rain gutters
  • Fuel your vehicle and secure propane tanks

Consider flood insurance

  • Standard homeowner’s insurance does not cover flood damage
  • Visit floodsmart.gov

When a Storm Is Approaching

If told to evacuate:

  • Leave early—don’t wait until roads are gridlocked
  • Bring pets, medications, chargers, and go-bag
  • Use official evacuation routes

If sheltering in place:

  • Choose an interior, windowless room
  • Fill bathtubs and containers with water for sanitation
  • Charge all electronics and backup power sources
  • Monitor updates via NOAA Weather Radio or official alert apps

During the Storm

  • Stay indoors, away from windows
  • Do not go outside during a lull—it may be the eye of the storm
  • Use flashlights, not candles (fire risk)
  • Keep refrigerator closed to preserve cold air

After the Storm

  • Wait for authorities to declare it safe to go outside
  • Avoid floodwaters—they may contain debris, sewage, or live wires
  • Inspect your home for structural damage and gas leaks
  • Photograph damage before cleaning for insurance claims
  • Report downed power lines immediately

Storm Surge Danger

Storm surge is a rapid rise in seawater caused by wind and pressure from the storm. It causes most hurricane deaths, often in coastal and low-lying areas.

“Run from the water. Hide from the wind.”

Key Resources

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