Floods

Floods are among the most common and destructive natural disasters in the U.S. They can result from heavy rainfall, storm surges, dam or levee failure, or rapid snowmelt. Flooding can occur gradually over several days or as a flash flood in just minutes—especially in urban areas or near rivers and streams.

Floodwaters can destroy homes, disable transportation, disrupt power and water systems, and spread dangerous contaminants or disease.

Types of Flooding

  • Coastal Flood – Caused by storm surges, tides, hurricanes
  • Flash Flood – Rapid onset, often without warning
  • Ice Jam Flood – Caused by blocked rivers due to ice buildup
  • River Flood – Gradual overflow of riverbanks
  • Urban Flood – Streets and basements fill during storms

Preparedness Tips

Before a flood

  • Know whether your home is in a flood zone (FEMA Flood Map Service Center: msc.fema.gov)
  • Purchase flood insurance (not included in standard policies)
  • Elevate electrical panels, appliances, and HVAC units if possible
  • Store valuables and documents in waterproof containers
  • Keep a go-bag ready with clothes, medication, flashlights, and ID

Emergency flood kit additions

  • Waterproof boots and gloves
  • Towels, tarps, and plastic sheeting
  • Emergency radio (battery or crank-powered)
  • Rope or life vest if near waterways

During a Flood

If indoors:

  • Turn off power only if it’s safe to do so
  • Move to higher ground or upper floors
  • Avoid walking through water (6 inches can knock you over)
  • Never use electricity or appliances near water

If outdoors or driving:

  • Do NOT attempt to walk or drive through floodwaters
  • 12 inches of moving water can carry away most vehicles
  • Use designated evacuation routes—avoid bridges over fast-moving water
  • Seek shelter at the highest nearby safe place

After a Flood

  • Wait for official clearance before re-entering flooded buildings
  • Wear protective gear when cleaning—floodwater may contain sewage or chemicals
  • Document all damage for insurance claims
  • Check for mold and structural instability
  • Boil water until water supply is declared safe

Health Hazards from Flooding

  • Waterborne illnesses (e.g., E. coli, hepatitis)
  • Electrical fires and gas leaks
  • Mold-related respiratory issues
  • Debris-related cuts and infections

Key Resources

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